[04-3] Python - Timezone 변경하기

개인적으로 사용하고 있는 서버의 System time은 UTC(세계표준시간)로 설정되어 있다. KST로 설정하면 별다른 코드없이 바로 해당 시간 사용이 가능하겠지만 KST보다는 UTC로 운영하고 있다. 

하지만 종종 코드상에서 KST 시간이 필요할 경우가 있는데 Python에서 이때는 어떻게 코드를 작성해야 할까?

기본 datetime 모듈에는 해당 기능이 들어 있지 않다. 따라서 별도의 python library를 설치해주어야만 한다. timezone 변경을 위해서는 pytz 이라는 이름의 python library가 필요한데 별도로 설치가 필요하다.

일반적으로 pip 라는 python package manager를 통해 python library를 설치하는데 pytz 또한 pip를 통해 설치가 필요하다.

일반적인 pip의 설치 및 사용법은 다음 링크를 통해 확인하면된다.

[pip의 설치 및 사용법]

1. pip를 통한 pytz의 설치

# pip install pytz

위 명령어를 통해 아래와 같이 pytz를 설치한다.

정상적으로 설치 되었다면 아래와 같이 import 하였을 때 아무런 에러가 발생하지 않는다.

2. pytz 를 이용한 code 작성

from pytz import timezone
from datetime import datetime

if __name__ == "__main__":
        fmt = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z%z"

        UTC = datetime.now(timezone('UTC'))
        KST = datetime.now(timezone('Asia/Seoul'))

        print UTC
        print KST

        print UTC.strftime(fmt)
        print KST.strftime(fmt)

위와 같이 어려운 점은 거의 없다. timezone()내에 원하는 timezone만 넣으면 된다.

(timezone의 종류는 제일 아래에 열거해 놓았다.)

3. timezone 변경 결과 출력

fmt = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z%z"

기존 datetime에서 사용하였듯이 format을 이용하면 다양한 형태로 날짜/시간 결과를 아래와 같이 확인할 수 있다. 

[Supported timezone in pytz]

from pytz import common_timezones

if __name__ == "__main__":
        for zone in common_timezones:
                print zone

Africa/Abidjan

Africa/Accra

Africa/Addis_Ababa

Africa/Algiers

Africa/Asmara

Africa/Bamako

Africa/Bangui

Africa/Banjul

Africa/Bissau

Africa/Blantyre

Africa/Brazzaville

Africa/Bujumbura

Africa/Cairo

Africa/Casablanca

Africa/Ceuta

Africa/Conakry

Africa/Dakar

Africa/Dar_es_Salaam

Africa/Djibouti

Africa/Douala

Africa/El_Aaiun

Africa/Freetown

Africa/Gaborone

Africa/Harare

Africa/Johannesburg

Africa/Juba

Africa/Kampala

Africa/Khartoum

Africa/Kigali

Africa/Kinshasa

Africa/Lagos

Africa/Libreville

Africa/Lome

Africa/Luanda

Africa/Lubumbashi

Africa/Lusaka

Africa/Malabo

Africa/Maputo

Africa/Maseru

Africa/Mbabane

Africa/Mogadishu

Africa/Monrovia

Africa/Nairobi

Africa/Ndjamena

Africa/Niamey

Africa/Nouakchott

Africa/Ouagadougou

Africa/Porto-Novo

Africa/Sao_Tome

Africa/Tripoli

Africa/Tunis

Africa/Windhoek

America/Adak

America/Anchorage

America/Anguilla

America/Antigua

America/Araguaina

America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires

America/Argentina/Catamarca

America/Argentina/Cordoba

America/Argentina/Jujuy

America/Argentina/La_Rioja

America/Argentina/Mendoza

America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos

America/Argentina/Salta

America/Argentina/San_Juan

America/Argentina/San_Luis

America/Argentina/Tucuman

America/Argentina/Ushuaia

America/Aruba

America/Asuncion

America/Atikokan

America/Bahia

America/Bahia_Banderas

America/Barbados

America/Belem

America/Belize

America/Blanc-Sablon

America/Boa_Vista

America/Bogota

America/Boise

America/Cambridge_Bay

America/Campo_Grande

America/Cancun

America/Caracas

America/Cayenne

America/Cayman

America/Chicago

America/Chihuahua

America/Costa_Rica

America/Creston

America/Cuiaba

America/Curacao

America/Danmarkshavn

America/Dawson

America/Dawson_Creek

America/Denver

America/Detroit

America/Dominica

America/Edmonton

America/Eirunepe

America/El_Salvador

America/Fort_Nelson

America/Fortaleza

America/Glace_Bay

America/Godthab

America/Goose_Bay

America/Grand_Turk

America/Grenada

America/Guadeloupe

America/Guatemala

America/Guayaquil

America/Guyana

America/Halifax

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America/Hermosillo

America/Indiana/Indianapolis

America/Indiana/Knox

America/Indiana/Marengo

America/Indiana/Petersburg

America/Indiana/Tell_City

America/Indiana/Vevay

America/Indiana/Vincennes

America/Indiana/Winamac

America/Inuvik

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America/Jamaica

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America/Kralendijk

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America/Los_Angeles

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America/Maceio

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America/Mazatlan

America/Menominee

America/Merida

America/Metlakatla

America/Mexico_City

America/Miquelon

America/Moncton

America/Monterrey

America/Montevideo

America/Montserrat

America/Nassau

America/New_York

America/Nipigon

America/Nome

America/Noronha

America/North_Dakota/Beulah

America/North_Dakota/Center

America/North_Dakota/New_Salem

America/Ojinaga

America/Panama

America/Pangnirtung

America/Paramaribo

America/Phoenix

America/Port-au-Prince

America/Port_of_Spain

America/Porto_Velho

America/Puerto_Rico

America/Rainy_River

America/Rankin_Inlet

America/Recife

America/Regina

America/Resolute

America/Rio_Branco

America/Santarem

America/Santiago

America/Santo_Domingo

America/Sao_Paulo

America/Scoresbysund

America/Sitka

America/St_Barthelemy

America/St_Johns

America/St_Kitts

America/St_Lucia

America/St_Thomas

America/St_Vincent

America/Swift_Current

America/Tegucigalpa

America/Thule

America/Thunder_Bay

America/Tijuana

America/Toronto

America/Tortola

America/Vancouver

America/Whitehorse

America/Winnipeg

America/Yakutat

America/Yellowknife

Antarctica/Casey

Antarctica/Davis

Antarctica/DumontDUrville

Antarctica/Macquarie

Antarctica/Mawson

Antarctica/McMurdo

Antarctica/Palmer

Antarctica/Rothera

Antarctica/Syowa

Antarctica/Troll

Antarctica/Vostok

Arctic/Longyearbyen

Asia/Aden

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Asia/Atyrau

Asia/Baghdad

Asia/Bahrain

Asia/Baku

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Asia/Barnaul

Asia/Beirut

Asia/Bishkek

Asia/Brunei

Asia/Chita

Asia/Choibalsan

Asia/Colombo

Asia/Damascus

Asia/Dhaka

Asia/Dili

Asia/Dubai

Asia/Dushanbe

Asia/Famagusta

Asia/Gaza

Asia/Hebron

Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh

Asia/Hong_Kong

Asia/Hovd

Asia/Irkutsk

Asia/Jakarta

Asia/Jayapura

Asia/Jerusalem

Asia/Kabul

Asia/Kamchatka

Asia/Karachi

Asia/Kathmandu

Asia/Khandyga

Asia/Kolkata

Asia/Krasnoyarsk

Asia/Kuala_Lumpur

Asia/Kuching

Asia/Kuwait

Asia/Macau

Asia/Magadan

Asia/Makassar

Asia/Manila

Asia/Muscat

Asia/Nicosia

Asia/Novokuznetsk

Asia/Novosibirsk

Asia/Omsk

Asia/Oral

Asia/Phnom_Penh

Asia/Pontianak

Asia/Pyongyang

Asia/Qatar

Asia/Qyzylorda

Asia/Riyadh

Asia/Sakhalin

Asia/Samarkand

Asia/Seoul

Asia/Shanghai

Asia/Singapore

Asia/Srednekolymsk

Asia/Taipei

Asia/Tashkent

Asia/Tbilisi

Asia/Tehran

Asia/Thimphu

Asia/Tokyo

Asia/Tomsk

Asia/Ulaanbaatar

Asia/Urumqi

Asia/Ust-Nera

Asia/Vientiane

Asia/Vladivostok

Asia/Yakutsk

Asia/Yangon

Asia/Yekaterinburg

Asia/Yerevan

Atlantic/Azores

Atlantic/Bermuda

Atlantic/Canary

Atlantic/Cape_Verde

Atlantic/Faroe

Atlantic/Madeira

Atlantic/Reykjavik

Atlantic/South_Georgia

Atlantic/St_Helena

Atlantic/Stanley

Australia/Adelaide

Australia/Brisbane

Australia/Broken_Hill

Australia/Currie

Australia/Darwin

Australia/Eucla

Australia/Hobart

Australia/Lindeman

Australia/Lord_Howe

Australia/Melbourne

Australia/Perth

Australia/Sydney

Canada/Atlantic

Canada/Central

Canada/Eastern

Canada/Mountain

Canada/Newfoundland

Canada/Pacific

Europe/Amsterdam

Europe/Andorra

Europe/Astrakhan

Europe/Athens

Europe/Belgrade

Europe/Berlin

Europe/Bratislava

Europe/Brussels

Europe/Bucharest

Europe/Budapest

Europe/Busingen

Europe/Chisinau

Europe/Copenhagen

Europe/Dublin

Europe/Gibraltar

Europe/Guernsey

Europe/Helsinki

Europe/Isle_of_Man

Europe/Istanbul

Europe/Jersey

Europe/Kaliningrad

Europe/Kiev

Europe/Kirov

Europe/Lisbon

Europe/Ljubljana

Europe/London

Europe/Luxembourg

Europe/Madrid

Europe/Malta

Europe/Mariehamn

Europe/Minsk

Europe/Monaco

Europe/Moscow

Europe/Oslo

Europe/Paris

Europe/Podgorica

Europe/Prague

Europe/Riga

Europe/Rome

Europe/Samara

Europe/San_Marino

Europe/Sarajevo

Europe/Saratov

Europe/Simferopol

Europe/Skopje

Europe/Sofia

Europe/Stockholm

Europe/Tallinn

Europe/Tirane

Europe/Ulyanovsk

Europe/Uzhgorod

Europe/Vaduz

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Europe/Warsaw

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Europe/Zurich

GMT

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Pacific/Funafuti

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Pacific/Guam

Pacific/Honolulu

Pacific/Johnston

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Pacific/Kosrae

Pacific/Kwajalein

Pacific/Majuro

Pacific/Marquesas

Pacific/Midway

Pacific/Nauru

Pacific/Niue

Pacific/Norfolk

Pacific/Noumea

Pacific/Pago_Pago

Pacific/Palau

Pacific/Pitcairn

Pacific/Pohnpei

Pacific/Port_Moresby

Pacific/Rarotonga

Pacific/Saipan

Pacific/Tahiti

Pacific/Tarawa

Pacific/Tongatapu

Pacific/Wake

Pacific/Wallis

US/Alaska

US/Arizona

US/Central

US/Eastern

US/Hawaii

US/Mountain

US/Pacific

UTC